levels:

Justice Administration

1. Conceptual ambivalence in Rehabilitation Justice approaches to properly address the issues and problems of Probationers and Parolees

·

2. Lack of coordination between Law Enforcement Agencies and regarding Prisoners, Prison and the Probation and Parole system ·

3. Ignorance of Probation and Parole Officers regarding the needs of offenders and subsequently absence of standardized models of Rehabilitation for offenders released on Probation and Parole in the country ·

4. Non-availability of criminal experts, criminologists and social workers on the penal of R&P departments in the provinces ·

5. Absence of Research and Development wings in R&P departments and Home Ministries of the Provinces ·

6. No organized and client-focused efforts by the R&P departments to ensure active participation and engagement of family, friends and community of the offenders released on Probation or Parole ·

7. Neglect of R&P departments within Criminal Justice system of Pakistan

Administrative Level

1. Under-staffing: Shortage of professional Probation/Parole officers ·

2. Lack of proper training, motivation, problem-solving skills and modern innovative techniques among Probation/Parole officers ·

3. Low salaries and low morale; unattractive service structure and slow career progression of prison staff ·

4. High caseloads and over-worked staff ·

5. Lack of proper infrastructure: official accommodation; transport facility; provision of extra allowance for travelling ·

6. No empirical data has been collected about the workings of the parole and probationer system in Pakistan ·

7. No use of Information and Communication Technology in R&P Departments in the Provinces.

8. Dearth of evaluation reports about the functioning/performance in R&P departments on the basis of formal, systematic and standardized principles of Performance.

Legal Level

1. Complicated and vague procedure to release offender on

Probation/parole ·

2. Lack of cooperation and coordination among Criminal Justice Organizations i.e. Judiciary, Home ministry, Prosecution, Prison management and R&P Professionals ·

3. Lack of Legal Conferences, Seminars and Professional training for officials dealing with Probation and Parole System ·

4. Ineffective Role of District Criminal Justice Coordination Committee (DCJCC)in every districts of Pakistan under Police Order 2002 regarding the probation and parole system ·

5. Lack of appropriate human resource development Programs and professional training particularly for judicial officers who has to decide the fate of the offenders to be released on probation ·

6. Majority of the Lawyers in Pakistan are not aware of the Probation and Parole system as Bar Associations have been overlooking the issue of community rehabilitation